This had left him subject topost-traumatic epilepsy, and in 1938 it was decided to operate to remove theirritant intracranial scar tissue which was causing his fits. The resultingpartial bilateral frontal lobotomy removed “one third of the mass of thefrontal lobes” (p427) approximately the white stippled area in Figure 3.Here are some observations from the subsequent case notes ….. At CVI Scotland we are devoted to helping people understand cerebral visual impairments, and together working towards developing the understanding of this complex condition. Intellectual DisabilityIntellectual Disability was previously called Mental Retardation.
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The left hemisphere of the cerebrum controls the right side of the body; the left hemisphere of the cerebellum controls the left side of the body, and vice versa. From Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) at Harvard Medical School has a theory that the cerebellum might fine-tune thoughts and ideas much the same way it fine-tunes muscle movements. But I take comfort knowing that the correlation coefficient for reaction time and IQ is just .2, meaning that reaction time only accounts for 4% (.2 2) of the variation in intelligence. For what its worth, my reaction time (321 milliseconds) was exactly average for my age group. What’s more, we now know far more about the extent to which these changes are influenced by the world around us, and even by the choices we make in our day to day lives. This presents us with the tantalising possibility that we have more control over our brains and our cognitive prowess than was conceivable when I was young.
The cerebral cortex 🔗
- The effect of brain lesions on WCST performance was then summarised byBrenda Milner of the Montreal Neurological Institute …..
- He expressed mild reservations about Shalliceand Evans’ (1978) CET, but was more positive about Shallice and Burgess’s(1979) Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test and the BADS, both of which have largeeffect sizes.
- Followingsurgery, patients did indeed become less anxious and withdrawn, although theirintellectual level remained ostensibly unchanged.
- Jacobsen interpreted these observations as suggesting an abnormally rapid decayof immediate memory, however contradictory evidence started to emerge when Malmo (1942) replicatedJacobsen’s study, and found that the test animals would perform normally ifkept in the dark during the delay period.
- L-dopa therefore increases dopamine levels in the brain, resulting in more nerve impulses along neurones in brain regions which are involved in movement.
Mateerand Williams (1991) have studied the effects of frontal lobe injury in childrenand recommend the following classroom management guidelines ….. Othertheorists have highlighted the processes of “reality monitoring”,that is to say, the ability to maintain an accurate internal cerebrumiq representation ofthe world and what is going on within it. The key theoretical construct here isJohnson, Hashtroudi, and Lindsay’s (1993) “source monitoringframework” (SMF).
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The number and efficiency of neural connections are just as important as the size of the brain itself. Research suggests that a well-connected brain, with networks of neurons that communicate effectively, can perform cognitive tasks more efficiently. This suggests that it’s not just the brain size that matters, but the intricate organization and connectivity within it. As our ancestors began incorporating more animal protein into their diet, the energy demands of a larger brain became more manageable.
This is not just visual fatigue, but is something we believe needs more research and understanding. Multiple Disabilities with a Visual Impairment (MDVI)As with Low Vision and Learning Delay, above, the term MDVI is used to separate those with visual impairments with many needs, from those more able. The term is also used to separate those with multiple disabilities with a visual impairment, from those with multiple disabilities but do not have a visual impairment. The term multiple disabilities may be mistakenly understood to mean multiple medical conditions, which may be the case, but the term is typically used to describe a person with a combination of medical and learning / developmental challenges. The purpose of this term is to help target support, as people who do not have visual impairments will benefit from a different teaching and support approach to those who do.
